{"id":297,"date":"2026-01-06T17:39:30","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T09:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.marsrains.top\/?p=297"},"modified":"2026-05-11T15:31:28","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T07:31:28","slug":"%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e6%98%af%e6%80%8e%e6%a0%b7%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e7%9a%84-%e9%98%85%e8%af%bb%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/myblog.marsrains.top\/?p=297","title":{"rendered":"\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u514d\u8d23\u58f0\u660e\uff1a\u672c\u535a\u5ba2\u5185\u5bb9\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5173\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u5b58\u5728\u758f\u6f0f\u6216\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u6548\u6027\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u6743\u5a01\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u56e0\u4f9d\u8d56\u672c\u535a\u5ba2\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u6982\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u516c\u5f00\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u82e5\u5b58\u5728\u7248\u6743\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u53ca\u65f6\u8054\u7cfb\u5220\u9664\u3002\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u4e25\u7981\u5c06\u672c\u7b14\u8bb0\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u6216\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3001\u590d\u5236\u3001\u5206\u53d1\u3002\u5982\u9700\u5f15\u7528\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\u5e76\u5c0a\u91cd\u539f\u8457\u7248\u6743\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u5bf9\u56e0\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u7b14\u8bb0\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u635f\u5931\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7b2c1\u7ae0 \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u751f\u6210\u6d88\u606f\u2014\u2014\u63a2\u7d22\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5185\u90e8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1×01 HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/td>\u542b\u4e49<\/td><\/tr>
1xx<\/td>\u544a\u77e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u5ea6\u548c\u60c5\u51b5<\/td><\/tr>
2xx<\/td>\u6210\u529f<\/td><\/tr>
3xx<\/td>\u8868\u793a\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
4xx<\/td>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr>
5xx<\/td>\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9519\u8bef<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1×02 IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u89e3\u6790<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

10.11.12.13
255.255.255.0
10.11.12.13\/24<\/mark>
10.11.12.0<\/mark>\/24
10.11.12.1<\/mark>\/24<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3b\u4f53
\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801
\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\uff08\u91c7\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\uff09
0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51
1\u8868\u793a\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u5e7f\u64ad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7
\u25cf\u51680\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51
\u25cf\u51681\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5e7f\u64ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1×03 Socket\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u67e5\u8be2IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Socket\u5e93\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u5e93<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1×04 \u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5de5\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u2460\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c
\u2461\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u67e5\u8be2IP\u5730\u5740\u8981\u6c42<\/mark>
\u2462Socket\u5e93\u6839\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u751f\u6210DNS\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u547d\u4ee4<\/mark>
\u2463\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u5e76\u53d1\u9001UDP\u4fe1\u606f<\/mark>
\u2464\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u5361\u5c06\u2462\u2463\u9001\u5f80DNS
\u2465DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56deIP\u4fe1\u606f
\u2466\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u63a5\u6536UDP\u4fe1\u606f<\/mark>
\u2467Socket\u5e93\u63a5\u6536DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f<\/mark>
\u2468\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6IP\u5730\u5740<\/mark>\u5199\u5165\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f
\u2469\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

graph TD\nA[\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u505c\u6b62\u5de5\u4f5c]\nB[\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8bf7\u6c42]\nC[Socket\u5e93\u6839\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u751f\u6210\u547d\u4ee4]\nD[\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u53d1\u9001UDP\u8bf7\u6c42]\nE[\u7f51\u5361\u53d1\u9001]\nF[DNS\u8fd4\u56deIP]\nG[\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u63a5\u6536UPD\u8bf7\u6c42]\nH[Socket\u5e93\u8fd4\u56deIP]\nI[\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8bfb\u53d6IP\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f]\nJ[\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ee7\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c]\nA-->B-->C-->D-->E-->F-->G-->H-->I-->J<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
1×05 DNS\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
www.lab.yxwa.com<\/td>student@yxwa.com<\/td><\/tr>
\uff08a\uff09\u57df\u540d=www.lab.xywa.com
\uff08b\uff09Class=IN
\uff08c\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b=A(Adress)<\/td>		\uff08a\uff09\u57df\u540d=yxwa.com
\uff08b\uff09Class=IN
\uff08c\uff09\u8bb0\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b=MX(Mail eXchange)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u8bb0\u5f55\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\u4f5c\u7528<\/td><\/tr>
A<\/td>\u6839\u636e\u57df\u540d\u67e5\u8be2IP<\/td><\/tr>
MX<\/td>\u90ae\u7bb1\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/td><\/tr>
CNAME<\/td>\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\u76f8\u5173\u522b\u540d<\/td><\/tr>
NS<\/td>\u67e5\u8be2DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740<\/td><\/tr>
SOA<\/td>\u67e5\u8be2\u57df\u540d\u5c5e\u6027\u4fe1\u606f<\/td><\/tr>
PTR<\/td>\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u53cd\u67e5\u57df\u540d<\/td><\/tr>
…….<\/td>……<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
1×06 \u57df\u540d\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u57df\u4e3a
                    yxwa.co.cn            
                                                 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u57df
lab1.yxwa.co.cn
lab2.yxwa.co.cn<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
1×07 DNS\u901a\u8fc7\u5c42\u6b21\u6765\u5bfb\u627eIP\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u8981\u5bfb\u627ewww<\/mark>.lab<\/mark>.yxwa<\/mark>.com<\/mark>\u5219\u4f1a\u5206\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bfb\u627ecom<\/mark>\u57df
\u2193
\u5bfb\u627eyxwa<\/mark>.com<\/mark>\u57df
\u2193
\u5bfb\u627elab<\/mark>.yxwa<\/mark>.com<\/mark>\u57df
\u2193
\u5bfb\u627ewww<\/mark>.lab<\/mark>.yxwa<\/mark>.com<\/mark>\u57df
\u2193
\u627e\u5230IP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1×08 \u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u548cSocket\u5e93<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6d41\u7a0b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u201c\u7ba1\u9053\u201d\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u79fb\u52a8\u786c\u76d8\u548c\u7535\u8111\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u6761\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7ebf\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4e24\u5934\u7684USB\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u8005Type-C\u63a5\u53e3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u6210\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n
\uff081\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
\uff082\uff09\u5c06\u7ba1\u9053\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e0a
\uff083\uff09\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e
\uff084\uff09\u65ad\u5f00\u7ba1\u9053\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
\uff081\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528Socket\u5e93\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684socket\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u521b\u5efa\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u5b58\u653e\u5728cache\uff08\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\uff09\u4e2d\u3002
\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u540c\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/mark>\u5c31\u662f\u8fa8\u522b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/mark>\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u8005\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
graph TD\n    A[\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8c03\u7528Socket\u5e93\u7684socket\u7ec4\u4ef6]\n    B[socket\u5185\u90e8\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57]\n    C[\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u8fd4\u56de\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26]\n    D[\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26]\n    A --> B --> C --> D<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\uff082\uff09\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528Socket\u5e93\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684connect\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e00\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e09\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f1a\u5c06\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \uff083\uff09\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7Socket\u5e93\u8c03\u7528write\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u628a\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u540e\u8005\u6267\u884c\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u540e\u7eed\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u63a5\u53d7\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\u518d\u53d1\u56de\u7ed9Socket\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837Socket\u5e93\u624d\u80fd\u8c03\u7528read\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u628a\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u653e\u5230cache<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    graph TD\nA[\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u6570\u636e]\nB[Socket\u5e93\u8c03\u7528write\u7ec4\u4ef6]\nC[\u786e\u5b9a\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e]\nD[\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668]\nE[\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6267\u884c\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c]\nF[\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\u6d88\u606f]\nG[\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7Socket\u5e93\u8c03\u7528read\u7ec4\u4ef6]\nH[\u5728cache\u5b58\u653e\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f]\nA --> B --> C -->D-->E-->F-->G-->H<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    \uff084\uff09\u65ad\u5f00<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7Socket\u5e93\u8c03\u7528close\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u201c\u7ba1\u9053\u201d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5728HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\uff0cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u54cd\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u9996\u5148\u8c03\u7528close\u6765\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\uff0cHTML\u6587\u6863\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u90fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u5f88\u591a\u6b21\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u540e\u7eedHTTP-1.1\u7248\u672c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/em>
    <\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u6240\u4ee5\u5728Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8c03\u7528close\u6765\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u65ad\u5f00\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8c03\u7528read\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528close\u8fdb\u5165\u65ad\u5f00\u9636\u6bb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    graph TD\nA[Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8c03\u7528close\u6267\u884c\u65ad\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c]\nB[read\u7ec4\u4ef6\u544a\u77e5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5df2\u7ed3\u675f]\nC[\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8c03\u7528close\u8fdb\u5165\u65ad\u5f00\u5de5\u4f5c]\nA-->B-->C<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    OSI\u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    TCP\/IP \u53c2\u8003\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    1×09 \u65e0\u7ebf\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\uff1a802.11<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a802.11\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u6807\u51c6\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u53f7\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982802.1\u3001802.2\u3001802.3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230802.10\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u51a0\u4ee5802.11\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u7531\u5ba2\u6237<\/strong>\u548c\u63a5\u5165\u70b9<\/strong>\uff08AP\uff0cAccess Point\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u901a\u5e38AP\u88ab\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u5185\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7ad9\u3002\u65e0\u7ebf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u64ad\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6536\u53d1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u591a\u5c42\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e0d\u50cf\u6709\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u4ece\u56db\u9762\u516b\u65b9\u800c\u6765\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e00\u591a\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u5c31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002ALOHA\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u524d\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u5219\u63a8\u8fdf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e24\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5173\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u53c8\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff1f802.11\u6807\u51c6\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3a\u6709\u7ebf\u7b49\u6548\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff08WEP\uff0cWired Equivalent Privacy\uff09\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u57282001\u5e74\u88abBorisv\u7b49\u653b\u7834\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u540e\u7eed\u5347\u7ea7\u6539\u826f\u540e\uff0cWiFi\u4fdd\u62a4\u63a5\u5165<\/strong>\uff08WPA\uff0cWiFi Protected Access\uff09\u88ab\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u65e0\u7ebf\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u7684\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u548c\u7f51\u5361<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    2×01 \u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u534f\u8bae\u6808\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u91cc\u9762\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1aTCP UDP IP
    \u91cd\u70b9\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    TCP\u7528\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u7b49\u4e00\u822c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f
    UDP\u7528\u5728DNS\u67e5\u8be2<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \u5728\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5757\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u653e\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u5757\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u800c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Socket\u5e93\u59d4\u6258\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5199\u5165\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u544a\u8bc9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bc6\u522b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    2×02 \u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528connect\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u201c\u201d\uff1f<\/summary>\n
    \u56e0\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u91cc\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u7ed9\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f20\u8f93\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684IP\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u4f20\u7ed9\u8c01\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u90a3\u8fb9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u544a\u8bc9\u5b83\uff1a\u6211\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662fxxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662fyyyy\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u53cc\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
    \u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5934\u90e8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53eb\u66f4\u719f\u6089\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1aTCP\u5934\u90e8\u3001MAC\u5934\u90e8\u3001IP\u5934\u90e8<\/mark>
    \u603b\u4e4b\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u5934\u90e8\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u597d\u6bd4\u4f60\u7684\u7535\u8111\u548c\u624b\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fe9\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u529e\u5230\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93
    \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
    1\u3001\u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4fe1\u606f
    2\u3001\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \n\n\n\n
    connect\u683c\u5f0f\uff1a
    connect(<\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26>,<\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7>,……)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e0a\u9762\u7684connect\u8c03\u7528\u4f1a\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4e2d\u7684TCP\u6a21\u5757\u3002TCP\u6a21\u5757\u518d\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684TCP\u6a21\u5757\u4ea4\u6362\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ea4\u4e92\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    1\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u5305\u542b\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u7684SYN\u6bd4\u7279\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1<\/mark>
    2\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5757\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9IP\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u59d4\u6258\u5b83\u53d1\u9001\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305
    3\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668
    4\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u5e76\u4f20\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed9TCP\u6a21\u5757
    5\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5199\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u6539\u4e3a\u6b63\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5757\u6839\u636eTCP\u5934\u90e8\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
    6\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5934\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4ee5\u53caSYN\u6bd4\u7279<\/mark>
    7\u3001\u5c06ACK\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a1<\/mark>\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5305
    8\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5757\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9IP\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u59d4\u6258\u5b83\u53d1\u9001\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305
    9\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u8fbe\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
    10\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u6a21\u5757\u628a\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f20\u7ed9TCP\u6a21\u5757
    11\u3001TCP\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff0cSYN\u4e3a1<\/mark>\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u529f
    12\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbe\u7f6eACK\u6bd4\u7279\u4e3a1\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u670d\u52a1\u5668
    13\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u5305<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    Looks familiar?\u60f3\u60f3\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u2b07\u6216\u8005\u6362\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\u2b07<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \n
      \n
    1. \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff08SYN\uff09\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aSYN\uff08\u540c\u6b65\u5e8f\u5217\u7f16\u53f7\uff09\u5305\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u544a\u8bc9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002<\/mark>



      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff08SYN-ACK\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230SYN\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2aSYN-ACK\u5305\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d1\u9001\u81ea\u5df1\u7684SYN\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u3002<\/mark>






      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\uff08ACK\uff09\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684SYN-ACK\u5305\u540e\uff0c\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u5305\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      1\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u5305\u542b\u8868\u793a\u5f00\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5934\u90e8\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u7684SYN\u6bd4\u7279\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1
      2\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5757\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9IP\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u59d4\u6258\u5b83\u53d1\u9001\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305
      3\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u8fbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/mark>
      4\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668IP\u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u5e76\u4f20\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed9TCP\u6a21\u5757
      5\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5199\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u72b6\u6001\u6539\u4e3a\u6b63\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u5757\u6839\u636eTCP\u5934\u90e8\u627e\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57
      6\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5757\u8fd4\u56de\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5934\u90e8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u4ee5\u53caSYN\u6bd4\u7279
      7\u3001\u5c06ACK\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a1\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5305
      8\u3001TCP\u6a21\u5757\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9IP\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u59d4\u6258\u5b83\u53d1\u9001\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305<\/mark>
      9\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u8fbe\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef
      10\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefIP\u6a21\u5757\u628a\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u91cc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f20\u7ed9TCP\u6a21\u5757
      11\u3001TCP\u5934\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u786e\u8ba4\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff0cSYN\u4e3a1\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u6210\u529f<\/mark>
      12\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bbe\u7f6eACK\u6bd4\u7279\u4e3a1\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u670d\u52a1\u5668
      13\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u8fd4\u56de\u5305<\/mark>
      <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      ACK\u53f7\uff1a\u540e\u7eed\u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5173\u952e\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u53ea\u67091\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6392\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \n
      30\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7684A\u6570\u636e\u5305\u88ab\u5206\u62103\u5206
      a\u6570\u636e\u5757
      b\u6570\u636e\u5757
      c\u6570\u636e\u5757<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e8f\u53f7
      1
      11
      21<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7684ACK\u53f7
      1
      11
      21<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
      \u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u4e86\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e8f\u53f7\u9519\u8bef\u8be5\u548b\u641e\uff1f
      \u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u9700\u8981SYN\u63a7\u5236\u4f4d\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      SYN\u53f7\uff1a\u5168\u540dSynchronize\uff08\u540c\u6b65\uff09\uff0c\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u4f20\u8f93\u53cc\u65b9\u6b65\u8c03\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u5565\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u9700\u8981ACK\u3001SYN\u4e8c\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u6765\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ed6\u4fe9\u4e5f\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
      2×03 \u6536\u53d1\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528write\u628a\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u7ed9\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
      \u25cf \u8981\u5b58\u653e\uff1a\u5148\u628a\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5728\u53d1\u9001cache\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6bb5\u6570\u636e
      \u25cf \u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\uff1a\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u5217<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5b58\u653e<\/summary>\n
      \u6570\u636e\u5305\u6709\u5927\u6709\u5c0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7ed9\u4e86\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u4e0b\u6765\u4e86\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u653e\u5230 cache \u540e\u518d\u5224\u65ad\u79ef\u7d2f\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u9001<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
      \u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u8981\u5b58\u653e\u201d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5224\u65ad\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • MTU<\/mark>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u6700\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728MAC\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u662f1500\u5b57\u8282\u3002MSS<\/mark>\u662fMTU\u51cf\u53bb\u5934\u90e8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u65f6\u95f4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u4e86\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u957f\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230MSS<\/mark>\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5168\u90e8\u4ea4\u7ed9\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e0d\u514d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u5c94\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u7559\u540e\u624b\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e9b\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6307\u5b9a\u201c\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f85\u586b\u6ee1\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u201d\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001cache\u4e4b\u524d\u4f1a\u88abTCP\u62c6\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4ee5MSS<\/mark>\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5757\u7684\u524d\u9762\u52a0\u4e0aTCP\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u6839\u636e\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u6807\u8bb0\u6536\u53d1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ea4\u7ed9IP\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \"\"<\/div>
        \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b \u6237\u6839\u52e4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        2×04 \u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0e\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406ACK\u53f7\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u9001\u65b9A\u5148\u53d1\u4e00\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9B\uff0cB\u6536\u5230\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9A\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u7136\u540eA\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u904d\u628a\u5206\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u586b\u6ee1B\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0cB\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e00\u8fb9\u53d6\u8d70\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7TCP\u5934\u90e8\u544a\u8bc9A\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u7740\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        graph TD\nA[A\u53d1\u4e00\u6bb5\u6570\u636e]\nB[B\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7406]\nC[B\u544a\u8bc9A\u8fd8\u80fd\u53d1\u591a\u5c11]\nD[A\u628a\u5206\u6bb5\u6570\u636e\u586b\u6ee1B\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a]\nE[B\u53d6\u8d70\u4e00\u90e8\u5206]\nF[B\u544a\u8bc9A\u63a5\u7740\u4f20]\nG[A\u63a5\u7740\u4f20]\nA-->B\nA-->C\nB-->D\nC-->D\nD-->E\nD-->F\nE-->G\nF-->G<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
        2×05 \u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65ad\u5f00\u5e76\u5220\u9664\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5224\u65ad\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u53d1\u9001\u5b8c\u6bd5\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u4f1a\u53d1\u8d77\u65ad\u5f00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65ad\u5f00\u65f6\u673a\u3002<\/p>\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6237\u6839\u52e4<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \u8bf4\u4eba\u8bdd\uff1a\u5728HTTP1.0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u8ba9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u53d1\u8d77\u65ad\u5f00\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8ba9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6765\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u548b\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7275\u626f\u5230\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u5c31\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \u76f4\u63a5\u4e0a\u76f4\u767d\u5bf9\u7167\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u70b9\u957f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
        \n
          \n
        1. \u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2a FIN \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0cFIN \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u53f7 + 1\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165 FIN_WAIT_1 \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u53ef\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e<\/mark>


          <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230 FIN \u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a ACK \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668 FIN \u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 + 1\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u5173\u95ed\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fdb\u5165 CLOSE_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230 ACK \u540e\u8fdb\u5165 FIN_WAIT_2 \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5173\u95ed\u901a\u77e5<\/mark>


          <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. \u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210\u5269\u4f59\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001 FIN \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0cFIN \u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u8bbe\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5df2\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5e8f\u53f7 + 1\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u5165 LAST_ACK \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u786e\u8ba4<\/mark>


          <\/li>\n\n\n\n
        4. \u7b2c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230 FIN \u62a5\u6587\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de ACK \u62a5\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u53f7\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef FIN \u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7 + 1\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165 TIME_WAIT \u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230 ACK \u540e\u8fdb\u5165 CLOSED \u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7b49\u5f85\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 2MSL\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165 CLOSED \u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5f7b\u5e95\u91ca\u653e<\/mark>


          <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
          \n
            \n
          1. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u751f\u6210\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u4f4dFIN\u6bd4\u7279\u8bbe\u4e3a1\u7684\u5305\u542b\u65ad\u5f00\u4fe1\u606f\u7684TCP\u5934\u90e8<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          2. \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u59d4\u6258IP\u6a21\u5757\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u65ad\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f<\/mark>



            <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          3. \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6536\u5230TCP\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u4f1a\u628a\u5176\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5165\u65ad\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          4. \u544a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5df2\u6536\u5230FIN\u4e3a1\u7684\u5305<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          5. \u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u53f7<\/mark>



            <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          6. \u534f\u8bae\u6808\u7b49\u5f85\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          7. \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u544a\u77e5\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5168\u90e8\u6536\u5230\u4e86<\/mark>




            <\/li>\n\n\n\n
          8. \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528close\uff0c\u59d4\u6258\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2aFIN\u6bd4\u7279\u4e3a1\u7684TCP\u5305\uff0c\u518d\u59d4\u6258IP\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
          9. \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u518d\u6b21\u8fd4\u56deACK\u53f7\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u5f7b\u5e95\u7ed3\u675f<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
            \u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u73b0\u5728HTTP\/3\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u524d\u8001\u65e7\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u73b0\u5728\u56db\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u53f3\u8fb9\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u201d\u6765\u9610\u8ff0\u201c\u6325\u624b\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u9017\u6bd4\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec6\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \n
            \u5982\u679c\u6700\u540e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8fd4\u56de\u7684 ACK \u53f7\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1
            \u5668\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u5230 ACK \u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u53d1\u4e00\u6b21 FIN\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5df2
            \u7ecf\u5220\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u88ab\u5220\u9664\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1
            \u606f\u4e5f\u5c31\u8ddf\u7740\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u522b
            \u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u78b0\u5de7\u53c8\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7 B\uff0c\u800c\u670d
            \u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u53d1\u7684 FIN \u6b63\u597d\u5230\u8fbe\uff0c\u4f1a\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u672c\u6765\u8fd9\u4e2a FIN \u662f\u8981\u53d1\u7ed9\u521a\u521a\u5220\u9664\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a FIN \u5c31\u4f1a\u9519\u8bef
            \u5730\u8dd1\u5230\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u65b0\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u65ad\u5f00\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5220
            \u9664\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6237\u6839\u52e4<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
            \"\"<\/div>
            \u9644\u4e0a\u539f\u4e66\u7684\u56fe\u7247P118 \u56fe2.13 TCP\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d41\u7a0b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
            2×06 IP\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u5305 \u6536\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
            \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u201c\u5305\u201d\uff1f
            \u76f4\u767d\u70b9\uff1a\u5934\u90e8+\u6570\u636e\u4e24\u90e8\u5206=\u5305<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
            \u5305\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5c01\u88c5\u6253\u5305\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u7531\u5934\u90e8\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \u5934\u90e8\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
            \u6570\u636e\uff1a\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • IP\u5305\uff1a IP\u5934\u90e8 TCP\u5934\u90e8 \u6570\u636e\u5757<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5305\uff1a MAC\u5934\u90e8 IP\u5934\u90e8 TCP\u5934\u90e8 \u6570\u636e\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \u8def\u7531\u5668\u7528IP\u534f\u8bae \u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u7528MAC\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              IP\u534f\u8bae<\/th>MAC\u534f\u8bae<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
              IP\u5934\u90e8<\/td>MAC\u5934\u90e8<\/td><\/tr>
              \u8def\u7531\u5668<\/td>\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0cIP\u5934\u90e8\uff08\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u53ea\u6709MAC\u5934\u90e8\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/div>
              \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b\u6237\u6839\u52e4 P103 \u88682.2 IP\u5934\u90e8\u683c\u5f0f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \u7f51\u5361\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u6211\u5012\u662f\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u73a9\u610f\u513f\u5bb9\u6613\u524a\u7f51\u901f\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e2a\u591a\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6709\u591a\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              \n
              \u7f51\u5361\u5c31\u662fIP\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8f7d\u4f53<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u65b9IP\u5730\u5740\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u53d1\u9001\u8981\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u5361\uff0c\u5e76\u586b\u5199\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u90a3\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u5224\u65ad\u628a\u5305\u4ea4\u7ed9\u54ea\u4e2a\u7f51\u5361\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/div>
              \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b \u6237\u6839\u52e4 P105 \u56fe2.18 \u8def\u7531\u8868\u793a\u4f8b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u7528\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u2014\u2014\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff08Routing Table\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u9996\u5148\u770b\u7b2c\u4e00\u680f\u2014\u2014Network Destination\uff1a<\/summary>\n
              \u5728TCP\u6a21\u5757\u8bf4\u660e\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u76ee\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u4f1a\u548c\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5de6\u4fa7\u7684Network Destination\u680f\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              TCP\u6a21\u5757\u544a\u77e5\u7684\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a192.168.1.144\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94Network Destination\u680f\u4e2d\u7684192.168.1.0
              TCP\u6a21\u5757\u544a\u77e5\u7684\u76ee\u6807IP\u5730\u5740\u4e3a10.10.1.144\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5e94Network Destination\u680f\u4e2d\u768410.10.1.0<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              \u7b2c\u4e8c\u680f\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u5b50\u7f51<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u7b2c\u4e09\u680f\uff1aGateway\uff08\u7f51\u5173\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              Gateway\uff08\u7f51\u5173\uff09\u5728 TCP\/IP \u7684\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u8868\u793a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5305\u53d1\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              \u7b2c\u56db\u680f\uff1aInterface\u680f\u2014\u2014\u8868\u793a\u7f51\u5361\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5305\u53d1\u7ed9\u901a\u4fe1\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              \u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684 \u6237\u6839\u52e4<\/p>\u5982\u679c Gateway \u548c Interface \u5217\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c \u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5305\u53d1\u7ed9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              2×07 MAC\u5934\u90e8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              TCP\/IP\u548cMAC\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e92\u7528\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              IP\u6a21\u5757\u5728\u751f\u6210IP\u5934\u90e8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u524d\u5934\u518d\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2aMAC\u5934\u90e8\u3002MAC\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u5c31\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u53cc\u65b9\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u548cIP\u5934\u90e8\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u662fMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u8981\u6bd4IP\u7684\u8981\u957f<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/div>
              \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b\u6237\u6839\u52e4 P107 \u88682.3 MAC\u5934\u90e8\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              \n
              IP\u5730\u5740\u66f4\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5f53\u4e2dxx\u5e02xx\u533axx\u5927\u9053xx\u8857\u9053xx\u8def\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800cMAC\u5730\u5740\u5f53\u4e2d\u768448\u6bd4\u7279\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
              \u751f\u6210MAC\u5934\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u597d\u88682.3\u5f53\u4e2d\u76843\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u586b\u597d\u4ee5\u592a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u586b\u5199\u7f51\u5361\u672c\u8eab\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u63a5\u6536\u65b9MAC\u5730\u5740\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u3002IP\u5934\u90e8\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u627e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fe2.18\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u800cMAC\u5934\u90e8\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5c31\u591a\u4e86\uff08gcd\u9e23\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8868\u683c\u5f53\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2aMAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8bf7\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8001\u719f\u4eba\u2014\u2014ARP\uff08Address Resolution Protocol)\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u89e3\u6790\u534f\u8bae<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              2×08 ARP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              ARP\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u627e\u5230MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u9996\u5148\uff0cARP\u4f1a\u50cf\u864e\u54e5\u90a3\u6837\u4e3e\u4e2a\u5927\u5587\u53ed\uff1a\u5168\u4f53\u76ee\u5149\u5411\u6211\u770b\u9f50\uff0c\u6211\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e2a\u4e8b\u513f\uff01\u6211\u662f\u4e2a\u2026\u2026\uff08\u5212\u6389\uff09xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx\u8fd9\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u662f\u8c01\u5bb6\u7684\uff1f \u53ea\u8981\u5bf9\u65b9\u5904\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5b50\u7f51\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u5bf9\u65b9MAC\u5730\u5740\u5199\u5165MAC\u5934\u90e8\u5c31\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0cARP\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u524d\u53cc\u65b9\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684ARP\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u626f\u4e2a\u55d3\u5b50\u558a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \u90a3\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u5462\uff1fWindows\u7cfb\u7edf\u6253\u5f00cmd\u8f93\u5165arp -a\u5c31\u80fd\u67e5\u770b\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/div>
              \u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6f14\u793a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              2×09 \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \u539f\u6587\u8bf4\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u5197\u957f\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u76f4\u63a5\u770b\u56fe\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/div>
              \u8fd8\u5f97\u662f\u539f\u56fe\u7247\u7406\u89e3\u6765\u5f97\u5feb\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u592a\u5197\u957f\u4e86 \u56fe2.22\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b\u6237\u6839\u52e4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              2×10 \u7f51\u5361<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \u7f51\u5361\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u6784\u9020\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u5dee\u4e0d\u5dee\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6536\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u548c\u5382\u5546\u578b\u53f7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u800c\u201d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u552f\u4e00\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u653e\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684ROM\u4e2d\uff0cMAC\u5730\u5740\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u5206\u914d\u7ed9MAC\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n\n\n\n
              \"\"<\/div>
              \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b\u6237\u6839\u52e4 P115<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
              2×11 \u96c6\u7ebf\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
              \u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • \u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u2014\u2014\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f
                \u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u7f51\u7ebf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u8be5\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u4e24\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u78b0\u649e\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u8f93\u4e86\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f1a\u7275\u626f\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u2014\u2014\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93<\/mark><\/em>\n
                  \n
                • \u5177\u4f53\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f\n
                    \n
                  • MAC\u6a21\u5757\u4ece\u62a5\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531PHY\u6216\u8005MAU\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6536\u53d1\u6a21\u5757\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u5316\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u901f\u7387\u5c31\u662f\u4fd7\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u7f51\u901f\u201d\u2014\u2014xx Mbit\/s <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • PHY(MAU)\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u8f6c\u5316\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u76d1\u63a7\u63a5\u6536\u7ebf\u8def\u4e2d\u6709\u65e0\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u6765\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7ed3\u675f\u53d1\u9001\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u6765\uff0c\u5219\u5224\u65ad\u53d1\u9001\u64cd\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u3002 \u6ce8\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0d\u4f1a\u786e\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u65b9\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  •  \u5f53\u7136\u5373\u4fbf\u6982\u7387\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u963b\u585e\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u901a\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u5168\u90e8\u505c\u6b62 \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u6839\u636eMAC\u5730\u5740\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\u6bcf\u53f0\u8bbe\u5907\u4f1a\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd8\u80fd\u78b0\u649e\u4e2a\u5341\u56de\u516b\u56de\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u62a5\u544a\u901a\u4fe1\u9519\u8bef <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u5173\u4e8ePHY(MAU)\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bf4\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u5361\u8fd9\u4e00\u7269\u7406\u5c42\u4e2d\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u53d1\u4fe1\u53f7<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u2014\u2014\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f 
                    \u5177\u4f53\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u89e3\u91ca<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                    \u7f51\u5361\u7684MAC\u6a21\u5757\u751f\u6210\u901a\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7531PHY(MAU)\u6a21\u5757\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u53ef\u5728\u7f51\u7ebf\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7ebf\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                    \u63a5\u6536\u8fd4\u56de\u5305<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                    \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u5927\u5dee\u4e0d\u5dee\uff0c\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u3001TCP\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u90fd\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5565\u4fe1\u53f7\u90fd\u4f1a\u62ff\u8fc7\u6765\u770b\u4e24\u773c\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e0b\u518d\u5b58\u8d77\u6765<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\n
                        \n
                      • \u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5148\u5728PHY(MAU)\u6a21\u5757\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u901a\u7528\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u518d\u7528MAC\u6a21\u5757\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • FCS\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u88ab\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5904\u5f53\u4f5c\u53c2\u7167\u7269\u3002\u4ece\u5305\u5f00\u5934\u5230\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6bd4\u7279\u4f1a\u5957\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u6362\u7b97\u6210FCS\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7ed3\u5c3e\u81ea\u5e26\u7684FCS\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u4e22\u5f03<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • FCS\u68c0\u9a8c\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0d\u8981\uff08\u54c8\u54c8\uff0c\u90a3\u5389\u5bb3\u4e86\uff09<\/s>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u653e\u8fdb\u7f13\u5b58\u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                        \u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u65ad\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7f51\u5361\u76f8\u6302\u94a9\u3002\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u76ef\u7740\u7f51\u5361\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f53\u7f51\u5361\u7ed3\u675f\u5de5\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u4e2d\u65ad\u53f7\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7f51\u5361\u9a71\u52a8\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u5f53\u7f51\u5361\u53d1\u8d77\u201c\u4e2d\u65ad\u201d\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5c31\u4f1a\u5728CPU\u628a\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u6302\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53d6\u51fa\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u5728MAC\u5934\u90e8\u5224\u65ad\u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                        2×12 UDP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                        \u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83TCP\u800c\u8a00\uff0cUDP\u663e\u5f97\u66b4\u529b\u53c8\u76f4\u767d\u3002TCP\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u201c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u53cd\u590d\u786e\u8ba4\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8fdb\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u9014\u6f0f\u6389\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u53c8\u8981\u7eed\u4e0a\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u5341\u5206\u590d\u6742\u3002\u800cUDP\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                        \u5c06\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u76f4\u63a5\u88c5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4e2d\u95f4\u6709\u9057\u6f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u8865\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u5feb\u53c8\u5feb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u6536\u8d27\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                        \u90a3\u4e48\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5230UDP\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • \u97f3\u9891<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • \u89c6\u9891<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                          2×13 NFS\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                          NFS\uff08Network File System\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5171\u4eab\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u50cf\u8bbf\u95ee\u672c\u5730\u78c1\u76d8\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7528\u5728Linux\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                          NFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • linux\/Unix\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u591a\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u96c6\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • Kubernetes\u3001\u865a\u62df\u5316\u3001\u96c6\u7fa4\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u5171\u4eab\u4ee3\u7801\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                            graph LR\nA[\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefA]\nB[\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefB]\nC[\u5ba2\u6237\u7aefC]\nD[NFS\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \/data\/share]\n\nA-->D\nB-->D\nC-->D<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                            \u4e0a\u8ff0\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86NFS\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdc\u7a0b\u76ee\u5f55\u6302\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u672c\u5730\u7684\/mnt\/share<\/code>\uff0c\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08NFS Server\uff09\u7684\/data\/share<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                            \u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u662fDocker\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014NFS\u7ed9docker\u5bb9\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u5171\u4eab\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5173\u4e8edocker\u6302\u8f7d\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bf7\u79fb\u6b65\u53e6\u4e00\u535a\u5ba2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                            2×14 CIFS\/SMB1\u3001SMB2\u3001SMB3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                            CIFS\uff08Common Internet File System\uff0c\u901a\u7528Internet\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbf\u95ee\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6253\u5370\u673a\u7b49\u7b49\u529e\u516c\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662fSMB\uff08Server Message Block\uff09\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u540e\u9762SMB2\u3001SMB3\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7528\u5728Windows\u529e\u516c\u5c45\u591a\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                            2×15 RPC\u6280\u672f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                            RPC\uff08Remote Procedure Call\uff0c\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8c03\u7528\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\/\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5411\u672c\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u670d\u52a1\u4e4b\u95f4\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u7684HTTP API\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                            \u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879<\/td>RPC<\/td>HTTP REST API<\/td><\/tr>
                            \u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f<\/td>\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\/\u65b9\u6cd5<\/td>\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d44\u6e90<\/td><\/tr>
                            \u793a\u4f8b<\/td>getUser(id)<\/code><\/td>GET \/users\/{id}<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
                            \u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae<\/td>\u53ef\u7528 TCP\u3001HTTP\/2\u3001HTTP \u7b49<\/td>\u901a\u5e38 HTTP<\/td><\/tr>
                            \u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f<\/td>Protobuf\u3001JSON\u3001Thrift \u7b49<\/td>JSON \u5e38\u89c1<\/td><\/tr>
                            \u6027\u80fd<\/td>\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u9ad8<\/td>\u901a\u5e38\u7565\u4f4e<\/td><\/tr>
                            \u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/td>\u670d\u52a1\u5185\u90e8\u8c03\u7528<\/td>\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e API<\/td><\/tr>
                            \u4ee3\u8868\u6280\u672f<\/td>gRPC\u3001Dubbo\u3001Thrift<\/td>RESTful API<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                            \n
                            \n
                            \n
                            RPC\u4f18\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • \u8c03\u7528\u7b80\u5355<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u9002\u5408\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u5185\u90e8\u901a\u4fe1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • \u63a5\u53e3\u7ea6\u675f\u6e05\u6670<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                              RPC\u7f3a\u70b9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • \u8fdc\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u5730\u8c03\u7528
                                \u867d\u7136\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u672c\u5730\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff1a\n
                                  \n
                                • \u7f51\u7edc\u8d85\u65f6<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u8bf7\u6c42\u4e22\u5931<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u91cd\u8bd5\u5bfc\u81f4\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u5ef6\u8fdf\u6296\u52a8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u7cfb\u7edf\u8026\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\/\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u8981\u8003\u8651\u517c\u5bb9<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • \u8c03\u8bd5\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u672c\u5730\u8c03\u7528\u590d\u6742<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                  2×16 RIP\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  RIP\uff08Routing Information Protocol\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea4\u6362\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u201c\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u8d70\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  RIP\u4f7f\u7528\u8df3\u6570\uff08Hop Count\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c31\u7b97\u4e00\u8df3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  graph LR\nA-->R1-->R2-->R3-->B<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u8fd9\u91cc\u4eceA\u5230B\u7ecf\u8fc73\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f3\u8df3\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0cRIP\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u8df3\u6570\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u5f53\u7136RIP\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u5927\u53ea\u652f\u630115\u8df3\uff0c\u5f53\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\uff0cRIP\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0cRIP\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u5c40\u57df\u7f51\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u62d3\u8865\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u90a3\u4e48\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f53\u4e2d\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7528\u7684\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1aOSPF<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  2×17 OSPF\u534f\u8bae<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u548c\u524d\u6587RIP\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cOSPF\uff08Open Shortest Path First\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cfRIP\u90a3\u6837\u53ea\u6839\u636e\u201c\u8df3\u6570\u201d\u9009\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u7684Cost\uff08\u5f00\u9500\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cOSPF\u7684Cost\u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd\u6709\u5173\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  \u5e26\u5bbd\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0cCost\u8d8a\u4f4e
                                  \u8def\u5f84\u603bCost\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u8d8a\u4f18<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8be6\u7ec6\u770b\u770b\u8be5\u6298\u53e0\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u7504\u522b\uff09<\/span><\/i><\/div>
                                  OSPF<\/strong> \u662f Open Shortest Path First\uff08\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148\uff09<\/strong> \u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684 \u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\uff08IGP\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u56ed\u533a\u7f51\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684 \u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531<\/strong>\u3002
                                  \u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\uff1a
                                  OSPF \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u5230\u5404\u7f51\u6bb5\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\u3002

                                  1. OSPF \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
                                  OSPF \u662f\u4e00\u79cd \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff08Link-State Routing Protocol\uff09<\/strong>\u3002
                                  \u5b83\u4e0d\u50cf RIP \u90a3\u6837\u53ea\u6839\u636e\u201c\u8df3\u6570\u201d\u9009\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u7684 Cost\uff08\u5f00\u9500\uff09<\/strong> \u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\u3002
                                  \u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cOSPF \u7684 Cost \u4e0e\u63a5\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd\u6709\u5173\uff1a
                                  \u5e26\u5bbd\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0cCost \u8d8a\u4f4e \u8def\u5f84\u603b Cost \u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u8d8a\u4f18<\/code>

                                  2. OSPF \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9
                                  \u9879\u76ee                              \u8bf4\u660e                           
                                  \u534f\u8bae\u540d\u79f0                        OSPF
                                  \u5168\u79f0                        Open Shortest Path First
                                  \u4e2d\u6587\u540d                      \u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u5148
                                  \u7c7b\u578b                          IGP\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae
                                  \u7b97\u6cd5                          SPF \/ Dijkstra \u7b97\u6cd5
                                  \u534f\u8bae\u7c7b\u578b                    \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u534f\u8bae
                                  IP \u534f\u8bae\u53f7                            89
                                  \u4f20\u8f93\u5c42                       \u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 TCP\/UDP
                                  \u652f\u6301 IPv4                        OSPFv2
                                  \u652f\u6301 IPv6                         OSPFv3
                                  \u8def\u7531\u5ea6\u91cf                           Cost
                                  \u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6                            \u5feb
                                  \u9002\u7528\u89c4\u6a21                      \u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc
                                  \u6ce8\u610f\uff1aOSPF \u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528 TCP \u6216 UDP \u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 IP \u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u53f7\u662f 89<\/strong>\u3002

                                  3. OSPF \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406
                                  OSPF \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u6b65\uff1a
                                  \u53d1\u73b0\u90bb\u5c45 \u2192 \u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb \u2192<\/code> \u4ea4\u6362\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f LSA \u2192<\/code> \u5f62\u6210\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93 LSDB \u2192<\/code> \u8fd0\u884c SPF \u7b97\u6cd5 \u2192<\/code> \u751f\u6210\u8def\u7531\u8868<\/code>

                                  4. OSPF \u5e38\u7528\u6982\u5ff5
                                  1\uff09Router ID
                                  \u6bcf\u53f0 OSPF \u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u53eb Router ID<\/strong>\u3002
                                  \u683c\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c IPv4 \u5730\u5740\uff1a
                                  1.1.1.1<\/code>
                                  Router ID \u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u63a5\u53e3 IP\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u5728 OSPF \u57df\u5185\u552f\u4e00\u3002
                                  \u9009\u62e9\u987a\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\uff1a
                                  1.\u624b\u52a8\u914d\u7f6e\u7684 Router ID
                                  2.\u6700\u5927 Loopback \u63a5\u53e3 IP
                                  3.\u6700\u5927\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53e3 IP
                                  \u5efa\u8bae\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u624b\u52a8\u6307\u5b9a\u3002

                                  2\uff09\u90bb\u5c45 Neighbor
                                  \u4e24\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u542f\u7528 OSPF \u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7 Hello \u62a5\u6587\u53d1\u73b0\u5bf9\u65b9\u3002
                                  \u5982\u679c\u53c2\u6570\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a OSPF \u90bb\u5c45\u3002
                                  \u5e38\u89c1\u5339\u914d\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a
                                  \u25cb Area ID
                                  \u25cb Hello\/Dead \u65f6\u95f4
                                  \u25cb \u7f51\u7edc\u63a9\u7801
                                  \u25cb \u8ba4\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f
                                  \u25cb Stub \u6807\u5fd7
                                  \u25cb MTU \u7b49

                                  3\uff09\u90bb\u63a5 Adjacency
                                  \u90bb\u5c45\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5b8c\u6574\u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002
                                  \u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea4\u6362\u5b8c\u6574\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002
                                  \u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u540c\u6b65\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u548c DR\/BDR \u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u90bb\u63a5\u3002

                                  4\uff09LSA
                                  LSA \u662f Link-State Advertisement\uff08\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u544a\uff09<\/strong>\u3002
                                  OSPF \u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7 LSA \u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
                                  \u25cb \u6211\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u63a5\u53e3
                                  \u25cb \u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u7f51\u6bb5
                                  \u25cb \u5230\u90bb\u5c45\u7684 Cost \u662f\u591a\u5c11
                                  \u25cb \u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48

                                  5\uff09LSDB
                                  LSDB \u662f Link-State Database\uff08\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09<\/strong>\u3002
                                  \u540c\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684 LSDB\u3002
                                  \u7136\u540e\u6bcf\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\u57fa\u4e8e LSDB \u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c SPF \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6811\u3002

                                  6\uff09Cost
                                  OSPF \u4f7f\u7528 Cost \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5ea6\u91cf\u503c\u3002
                                  \u5e38\u89c1\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
                                  Cost = \u53c2\u8003\u5e26\u5bbd \/ \u63a5\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd<\/code>

                                  Cisco \u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u8003\u5e26\u5bbd\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\uff1a
                                  100 Mbps<\/code>

                                  \u6240\u4ee5\uff1a
                                  \u63a5\u53e3\u5e26\u5bbd    \u9ed8\u8ba4 Cost
                                  10 Mbps       10
                                  100 Mbps      1
                                  1 Gbps           1
                                  10 Gbps         1

                                  \u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u5e26\u5bbd\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u53c2\u8003\u5e26\u5bbd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
                                  auto-cost reference-bandwidth 100000<\/code>

                                  5. OSPF \u62a5\u6587\u7c7b\u578b
                                  OSPF \u4e3b\u8981\u6709 5 \u79cd\u62a5\u6587\uff1a
                                  \u62a5\u6587      \u4f5c\u7528
                                  Hello   \u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u90bb\u5c45
                                  DBD     \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63cf\u8ff0
                                  LSR      \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u8bf7\u6c42
                                  LSU      \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u66f4\u65b0
                                  LSAck   \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u8ba4

                                  6. OSPF \u90bb\u5c45\u72b6\u6001
                                  OSPF \u90bb\u5c45\u5efa\u7acb\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u591a\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a
                                  Down Init 2-Way ExStart Exchange Loading Full<\/code>

                                  \u5e38\u89c1\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a
                                  \u72b6\u6001                          \u542b\u4e49
                                  Down                    \u672a\u6536\u5230 Hello
                                  Init                        \u6536\u5230\u5bf9\u65b9 Hello\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u65b9\u8fd8\u6ca1\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1
                                  2-Way                   \u53cc\u5411\u901a\u4fe1\u5efa\u7acb
                                  ExStart                   \u534f\u5546\u4e3b\u4ece\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u53f7
                                  Exchang                \u4ea4\u6362\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6458\u8981
                                  Loading                 \u8bf7\u6c42\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684 LSA
                                  Full                        \u90bb\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u5b8c\u5168\u5efa\u7acb

                                  \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u76f4\u505c\u5728 2-Way<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u975e DR\/BDR \u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5efa\u7acb Full \u90bb\u63a5\u3002

                                  7. OSPF \u533a\u57df Area
                                  OSPF \u652f\u6301\u5206\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u53eb \u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df Backbone Area<\/strong>\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u533a\u57df\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Area 0\u3002
                                  \u666e\u901a\u533a\u57df
                                  \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
                                  Area 1 Area 2<\/code>
                                  \u975e\u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7 ABR \u548c Area 0 \u901a\u4fe1\u3002

                                  8. OSPF \u8def\u7531\u5668\u89d2\u8272
                                  1\uff09Internal Router
                                  \u6240\u6709\u63a5\u53e3\u90fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u3002
                                  2\uff09Backbone Router
                                  \u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u5c5e\u4e8e Area 0\u3002
                                  3\uff09ABR
                                  Area Border Router\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u8fb9\u754c\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/strong>
                                  \u8fde\u63a5\u591a\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a
                                  Area 0 \u548c Area 1<\/code>
                                  4\uff09ASBR
                                  Autonomous System Boundary Router\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/strong>
                                  \u628a\u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531\u5f15\u5165 OSPF\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531\u3001BGP\u3001RIP \u7b49\u3002

                                  9. DR \u548c BDR
                                  \u5728\u5e7f\u64ad\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u90fd\u4e92\u76f8\u5efa\u7acb\u90bb\u63a5\uff0c\u5f00\u9500\u4f1a\u5f88\u5927\u3002
                                  \u6240\u4ee5 OSPF \u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\uff1a
                                  DR<\/strong>\uff1aDesignated Router\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668
                                  BDR<\/strong>\uff1aBackup Designated Router\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u7531\u5668
                                  \u5176\u4ed6\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ea\u548c DR\/BDR \u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u6574\u90bb\u63a5\u3002
                                  \u7ec4\u64ad\u5730\u5740\uff1a
                                  \u5730\u5740                      \u4f5c\u7528
                                  224.0.0.5              \u6240\u6709 OSPF \u8def\u7531\u5668
                                  224.0.0.6              DR\/BDR

                                  10. OSPF \u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b
                                  \u5e38\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a
                                  \u7c7b\u578b                                  \u8bf4\u660e
                                  Broadcast                     \u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff0c\u9009 DR\/BDR
                                  Point-to-Point              \u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u94fe\u8def\uff0c\u4e0d\u9009 DR\/BDR
                                  NBMA                          \u975e\u5e7f\u64ad\u591a\u8def\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5982 Frame Relay
                                  Point-to-Multipoint      \u70b9\u5230\u591a\u70b9
                                  \u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u73af\u5883\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f Broadcast \u548c Point-to-Point\u3002

                                  11. OSPF \u8def\u7531\u7c7b\u578b
                                  \u5e38\u89c1 OSPF \u8def\u7531\u6807\u8bc6\uff1a
                                  \u6807\u8bc6                   \u542b\u4e49
                                  O                     \u533a\u57df\u5185\u8def\u7531
                                  O IA                 \u533a\u57df\u95f4\u8def\u7531
                                  O E1                \u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531 Type 1
                                  O E2                \u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531 Type 2
                                  O N1\/N2          NSSA \u5916\u90e8\u8def\u7531

                                  E1 \u548c E2 \u533a\u522b
                                  E1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u90e8 Cost + OSPF \u5185\u90e8 Cost
                                  E2<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u770b\u5916\u90e8 Cost\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7c7b\u578b

                                  12. OSPF \u7684\u4f18\u70b9
                                  \u25cb\u6536\u655b\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb
                                  \u25cb\u652f\u6301\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc
                                  \u25cb\u652f\u6301 VLSM\/CIDR
                                  \u25cb\u652f\u6301\u533a\u57df\u5212\u5206
                                  \u25cb\u652f\u6301\u8ba4\u8bc1
                                  \u25cb\u4e0d\u53d7 15 \u8df3\u9650\u5236
                                  \u25cb\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u5408\u7406
                                  \u25cb\u6807\u51c6\u5f00\u653e\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u591a\u5382\u5546\u652f\u6301

                                  13. OSPF \u7684\u7f3a\u70b9
                                  \u25cb\u914d\u7f6e\u6bd4 RIP \u590d\u6742
                                  \u25cb\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u5212\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8
                                  \u25cbLSDB \u548c SPF \u8ba1\u7b97\u6d88\u8017\u66f4\u591a CPU\/\u5185\u5b58
                                  \u25cb\u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u65f6\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u95ee\u9898

                                  14. OSPF \u548c RIP \u5bf9\u6bd4
                                  \u5bf9\u6bd4\u9879             RIP                  OSPF
                                  \u7c7b\u578b              \u8ddd\u79bb\u77e2\u91cf         \u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001
                                  \u7b97\u6cd5         Bellman-Ford       Dijkstra SPF
                                  \u5ea6\u91cf               \u8df3\u6570                  Cost
                                  \u6700\u5927\u8df3\u6570           15              \u65e0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9650\u5236
                                  \u6536\u655b\u901f             \u6162                  \u5feb
                                  \u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21         \u5c0f\u578b              \u4e2d\u5927\u578b
                                  \u66f4\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f     \u5b9a\u671f\u6574\u8868\u66f4\u65b0     \u89e6\u53d1\u66f4\u65b0\/LSA
                                  \u7aef\u53e3\/\u534f\u8bae    UDP 520          IP \u534f\u8bae\u53f7 89
                                  \u533a\u57df\u8bbe\u8ba1      \u4e0d\u652f\u6301                \u652f\u6301
                                  \u5f53\u524d\u4f7f\u7528         \u8f83\u5c11                \u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528

                                  15. Cisco OSPF \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b
                                  \u5047\u8bbe\u5ba3\u544a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f51\u6bb5\uff1a
                                  192.168.1.0\/24 192.168.2.0\/24<\/code>
                                  \u914d\u7f6e\uff1a
                                  router ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0<\/code>
                                  \u8bf4\u660e\uff1a
                                  ospf 1<\/code> \u662f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53f7\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u6709\u6548
                                  router-id<\/code> \u6307\u5b9a Router ID
                                  network<\/code> \u540e\u9762\u662f\u53cd\u63a9\u7801 wildcard mask
                                  area 0<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u9aa8\u5e72\u533a\u57df
                                  \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
                                  show ip ospf neighbor show ip route ospf show ip ospf database<\/code>

                                  16. \u534e\u4e3a OSPF \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b
                                  ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 area 0.0.0.0 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255<\/code>
                                  \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a
                                  display ospf peer display ip routing-table protocol ospf display ospf lsdb<\/code>

                                  17. OSPF \u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u5417\uff1f
                                  \u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u7528\u3002<\/strong>
                                  OSPF \u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u56ed\u533a\u7f51\u3001\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u653f\u4f01\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u3002
                                  \u5e38\u89c1\u9009\u62e9\uff1a
                                  \u5c0f\u578b\u7b80\u5355\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u9759\u6001\u8def\u7531 \/ OSPF
                                  \u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u7f51\uff1aOSPF
                                  \u5927\u578b\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5185\u90e8\uff1aIS-IS \/ OSPF
                                  \u8de8\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8def\u7531\uff1aBGP

                                  18. \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u603b\u7ed3
                                  OSPF \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u94fe\u8def\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Cost \u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6536\u655b\u5feb\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/strong><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u7b2c3\u7ae0\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u7f51\u7ebf\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u8f6c\u53d1\u8bbe\u5907\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8bbe\u5907\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u89c4\u5219\u8868\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cTCP\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u76f8\u5e94\u548c\u5e8f\u53f7\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u4e0e\u5305\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5305\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  3×01 \u4fe1\u53f7\u8870\u51cf\u548c\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u8f93\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u6b63\u8d1f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7f51\u5361\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684PHY\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u8ba9\u4f20\u8f93\u7ebf\u660e\u767d\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  \u79bb\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0cWiFi\u4fe1\u53f7\u8d8a\u5f31\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u7f51\u7ebf\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u8870\u51cf\u4e5f\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u96c6\u7ebf\u5668<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  \u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u5c06\u4fe1\u53f7\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u5b83\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7ebf\u8def<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  3×02 \u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5176\u4e2d\u7684PHY\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u662fMDI-X\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u540e\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7f51\u7ebf\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7535\u8def\u90e8\u5206\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u4e00\u5757\u6ca1\u6709MAC\u5730\u5740\u7684\u7f51\u5361<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  \u5b83\u53ea\u4f1a\u63a5\u6536\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5e76\u653e\u5728\u7f13\u5b58\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7aef\u53e3\u7684MAC\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u5177\u6709MAC\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  MDI-X\u6a21\u5f0f<\/summary>\n
                                  \u6307\u7684\u662f\u201cMedium Dependent Interface Crossover\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea4\u53c9\u529f\u80fd\u3002MDI-X\u63a5\u53e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7ebf\u7f06\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7ebf\u5bf9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f4\u63a5\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea4\u53c9\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5e03\u7ebf\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u7ebf\u7f06\u9009\u9519\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6
                                  \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014
                                  \u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u5177\u5907\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u8be5MAC\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728MAC\u5730\u5740\u8868\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u770b\u539f\u4f5cP151\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u7279\u6b8a\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                  \"\"<\/div>
                                  \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b\u6237\u6839\u52e4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u2014\u2014\u770b\u56fe\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff1a\u8bf4\u767d\u4e86\u5c31\u662fA\u7ed9B\u548c\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u90fd\u53d1\u4e86\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u53c8\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff1b\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u5728\u8f6c\u53d1\u5b8c\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u539f\u8def\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed9B\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4B\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e24\u4efd\u4e1c\u897f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  graph LR\n\nA[\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aA]\nB[\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aB]\nC[\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668]\nD[\u4ea4\u6362\u673a]\n\nA --\u6570\u636e\u5305a\u3001b--> C\nC --A\u4f20\u51fa\u53bb\u7684b--> D\nC --A\u4f20\u7ed9B\u7684a--> B\nD --\u8fd4\u56de\u6765\u7684b--> C\nC --\u8fd4\u56de\u6765\u7684b--> B<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305a=b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6545\u4f5c\u5206\u5f00<\/mark><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  \u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u53d1\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5305\u8fd8\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u5740\u8868\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u76f8\u5f53\u66b4\u529b\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5411\u9664\u4e86\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u7aef\u53e3\u53d1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e86\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5c31\u76f4\u63a5\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  3×03 \u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u5168\u53cc\u5de5\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u517c\u5bb9\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                  \u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65e0\u8bba\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u53f7\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u89c4\u5b9a\u505c\u7528\u4fe1\u53f7\u78b0\u649e\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u53f7\u7ed3\u675f\u5373\u53ef\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u53f7<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                  3×04 \u81ea\u52a8\u534f\u5546<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u6700\u5927\u6548\u7387\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7814\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u5168\u534a\u53cc\u5de5\u4e2d\u5207\u6362\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63a2\u6d4b\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5c31\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u52a8\u534f\u5546\u201d<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ebf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4f1a\u5728\u7f51\u7ebf\u91cc\u9762\u586b\u5145\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8fde\u63a5\u8109\u51b2\u201d\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8109\u51b2\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u68c0\u6d4b\u53cc\u65b9\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u8fde\u63a5<\/mark>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e0d\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u5907\u6709\u7eff\/\u7ea2\u8272\u6307\u793a\u706f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u73b0\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u7ebf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6392\u5217\u7684\u8109\u51b2\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u53cc\u65b9\u5f97\u77e5\u4e92\u76f8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u4f20\u8f93\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u96c6\u7ebf\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                  3×05 \u8def\u7531\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                  \u8def\u7531\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u8f6c\u53d1\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                  • \u8f6c\u53d1\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5224\u65ad\u5305\u7684\u8f6c\u53d1\u76ee\u7684\u5730<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • \u7aef\u53e3\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u5305\u7684\u6536\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8eADSL\u3001FTTH\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5bbd\u5e26\u4e13\u7ebf\u7b49\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u786c\u4ef6\u652f\u6301\u5373\u53ef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                    \u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e5f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u7aef\u53e3\u8d1f\u8d23\u6536\u53d1\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d1\u8d1f\u8d23\u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                    \"\"<\/div>
                                    \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b\u6237\u6839\u52e4 P160<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                    \u540c\u65f6\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u90fd\u5177\u6709MAC\u5730\u5740\u548cIP\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                    3×06 \u8def\u7531\u8868<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                    \u8fd9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u4f5c\u8bb2\u5f97\u53ca\u5176\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u81ea\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u539f\u4f5c\u6216\u8005\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u8f85\u52a9\u6765\u7406\u89e3<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                    \u867d\u7136\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7684\u5927\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u601d\u8def\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u5374\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                    \u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u901a\u8fc7MAC\u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u65b9MAC\u5730\u5740\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8f6c\u53d1\u76ee\u6807
                                    \u8def\u7531\u5668\u901a\u8fc7IP\u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8f6c\u53d1\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                    \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8def\u7531\u5668\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50cf\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                    \u56e0\u6b64\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                    \u8fd9\u4e48\u8bb2\u5f88\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                    \n
                                    \u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                      \n
                                    • \u7f51\u7edcA\uff1a192.168.1.0\/24<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • \u7f51\u7edcB\uff1a192.168.2.0\/24<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • \u7f51\u7edcC\uff1a192.168.3.0\/24<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                      \u6709\u4e24\u53f0\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                        \n
                                      • Router1<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edcA\u548c\u7f51\u7edcB<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • Router2<\/strong> \u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edcB\u548c\u7f51\u7edcC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                        graph LR\nA[\u7f51\u7edcA 192.168.1.0\/24]\na[Router1]\nB[\u7f51\u7edcB 192.168.2.0\/24]\nb[Router2]\nC[\u7f51\u7edcC 192.168.3.0\/24]\nA-->a-->B-->b-->C<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                        \u7f51\u7edcB\u5c31\u8d77\u5230\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u8df3\u677f\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e24\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5c31\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aIP\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                          \n
                                        • Router1 192.168.2.1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • Router2 192.168.2.2 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                                          \u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673aA\u5728\u7f51\u7edcA\uff08IP: 192.168.1.10\uff09\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u7edcC\u5185\u7684\u4e3b\u673aC\uff08IP: 192.168.3.20\uff09\u3002
                                          \u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                          \n
                                          \u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                            \n
                                          1. \u4e3b\u673aA\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u662f192.168.3.20\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          2. \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbeRouter1<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          3. Router1\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807192.168..0\/24\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u662f192.168.2.2\uff08Router2\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          4. Router1\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u63a5\u53e3\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edcB\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u4e3aRouter2\u7684\u63a5\u53e3MAC\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          5. \u6570\u636e\u5305\u5230\u8fbeRouter2<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          6. Router2\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u7531\u8868\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0192.168.3.0\/24\u662f\u76f4\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u63a5\u53e3\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edcC\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                          7. \u6570\u636e\u5305\u6700\u7ec8\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u673aC\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                            graph LR\nA[\u4e3b\u673aA]\nB[Router1\n\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u7531\u8868\u53d1\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u4e0b\u4e00\u8df3\u662f192.168.2.2]\nC[\u7f51\u7edcB]\nD[Router2\n\u53d1\u73b0\u548c192.168.3.0\/24\u662f\u76f4\u8fde]\nE[\u7f51\u7edcC]\nF[\u4e3b\u673aC]\nA--\u6570\u636e\u5305\u76ee\u7684\u5730:192.168.3.20-->B--\u4f20\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edcB-->C-->D-->E--\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53IP\u5730\u5740-->F<\/pre><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                            \u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                            \n
                                            \u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u90fd\u5177\u6709MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u53ea\u63a5\u6536\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u5730\u5740\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5305\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u4e22\u5f03<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                            \u5177\u4f53\u67e5\u8be2\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                            \"\"<\/div>
                                            \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u6837\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u300b\u6237\u6839\u52e4 P163<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                              \n
                                            1. \u6839\u636e\u5305\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u65b9IP\u5730\u5740\u67e5\u8be2\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u680f\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\n
                                                \n
                                              • \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u548c\u5b9e\u9645IP\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5339\u914d\u76f8\u5e94\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6bd4\u7279<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • \u6700\u957f\u5339\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9996\u5148\u5bfb\u627e\u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u6700\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002
                                                \u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u8d8a\u957f\u2192\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3b\u673a\u53f7\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u8d8a\u77ed\u2192\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8be5\u5b50\u7f51\u5185\u53ef\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c11\u2192\u5b50\u7f51\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c11<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                              • \u7f51\u7edc\u53f7\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u8dc3\u70b9\u8ba1\u6570\u7684\u503c\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\n
                                                  \n
                                                • \u8dc3\u70b9\u8ba1\u6570\u8d8a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u8def\u7531\u8d8a\u8fd1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                • \u8def\u7531\u5668\u65e0\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4f1a\u4e22\u5f03\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305\n
                                                    \n
                                                  • \u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u2014\u2014\u6bd5\u7adf\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u5168\u7403\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u800c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u5927\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u516c\u53f8\u4ea7\u4e1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                  • \u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5339\u914d\u8def\u7531\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u2014\u2014\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u78010.0.0.0\n
                                                      \n
                                                    • 0.0.0.0\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u63a5\u6536\u65b9IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u8def\u7531\u8868\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5339\u914d\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u4e3a0\n
                                                        \n
                                                      • \u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b50\u7f51\u63a9\u7801\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0.0.0.0\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u80fd\u5339\u914d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u8bb0\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                        3×06 \u5305\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                        \u5728\u8def\u7531\u5668\u67e5\u8be2\u8def\u7531\u8868\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5c06\u5305\u8f6c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u8f93\u51fa\u7aef\u53e3\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8def\u7531\u5668\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                          \n
                                                        1. \u66f4\u65b0IP\u5934\u90e8\u7684TTL(Time to Live \u751f\u5b58\u65f6\u95f4)\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u5305\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0cTTL\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u4f1a\u51cf1\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u53d8\u62100\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u671f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e22\u5f03\n
                                                            \n
                                                          • \u8fd9\u4e00\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u9632\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u5728\u9677\u5165\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5931<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                          • \u5206\u7247\u529f\u80fd\u62c6\u5206\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\n
                                                              \n
                                                            • \u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u957f\u5ea6\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981IP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5206\u7247\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u62c6\u5206\u3002\n
                                                                \n
                                                              • \u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u5206\u7247\u673a\u5236\u548cTCP\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u62c6\u5206\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/mark>
                                                                TCP\u662f\u5207\u4e86\u7247\u518d\u9001\u51fa\u53bb          IP\u662f\u62ff\u56de\u6765\u4e00\u6574\u5757\u518d\u5207<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                3×07 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \n
                                                                IP\uff08\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff09\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u5305\u9001\u8fbe\u901a\u4fe1\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd9\u4e00\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c06\u5305\u4f20\u8f93\u7ed9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5219\u662f\u7531\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff09\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0cX\u5728A\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4eceY\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5546\u54c1B\uff0cB\u548c\u5feb\u9012\u5355C\u9700\u8981\u4eceY\u5bc4\u5230X\u7684\u624b\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u4ece\u4f8b\u5b50\u51fa\u53d1\uff0cA\u5e73\u53f0\u5c31\u662fIP\uff08\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff09\u9700\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23XY\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5546\u54c1\u5305\u88f9\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u4e2d\u95f4\u51e0\u7ecf\u6d41\u8f6c\u7684\u5feb\u9012\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\uff08\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                3×08 \u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u9644\u4ef6\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u6765\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \"\"<\/div>
                                                                \u56e0\u4e3a\u6d89\u53ca\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u6545\u53ea\u653e\u90e8\u5206IP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u671b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u7f51IP\uff0c\u5bf9\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f51IP\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u518d\u5c06\u6539\u5199\u540e\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u3001\u6539\u5199\u524d\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u548cIP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u8d77\u6536\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                3×09 \u6539\u5199\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a16\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u603b\u5171\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d65536<\/mark>\u4e2a\u7aef\u53e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u516c\u6709\u5730\u5740\u52a0\u4e0a\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6709\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5e94\u51e0\u4e07\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u516c\u6709\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5229\u7528\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                3×10 \u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u7f51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5185\u7f51\u3002\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6302\u4e0aVPN\uff08\u865a\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u624d\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6559\u52a1\u5728\u7ebf\u80af\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002
                                                                \u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u662f\u201c\u53e4\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u201d\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u8def\u4eba\u7532\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u8fde\u8fdb\u6559\u52a1\u5728\u7ebf\u7684VPN\u6216\u8005\u4efb\u610f\u4ee3\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u8def\u4eba\u7532\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b66\u6821\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u7ed9\u4ed6\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u5916\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6709\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u5730\u5740\u624b\u52a8\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8def\u4eba\u7532\u5c31\u80fd\u4e0a\u6559\u52a1\u5728\u7ebf\u62a2\u8bfe\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u7b2c4\u7ae0 \u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u8425\u5546<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u7ae0\u539f\u4e66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e25\u91cd\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u672f\u8bed\u548c\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8bbe\u5907\u53d8\u66f4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                4×01 ADSL\uff08Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line\uff09\u63a5\u5165\u7f51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                ADSL\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u6570\u5b57\u7528\u6237\u7ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \"\"<\/div>
                                                                \u8fd9\u56fe\u7247\u6709\u529b\u6c14<\/s><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                                                                \u76ee\u524d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57ce\u5e02\u5df2\u7ecf\u6362\u6210\u5149\u7ea4\uff08FTTH\uff09\uff0cADSL\u57fa\u672c\u9000\u7f51\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u8ba9\u666e\u901a\u5bb6\u5ead\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7528\u4e0a\u201c\u5bbd\u5e26\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u95e8\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                1. \u628a\u666e\u901a\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u53d8\u6210\u5bbd\u5e26\u7ebf<\/strong> 
                                                                  \u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u62c9\u5149\u7ea4\u6216\u7f51\u7ebf\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u5bb6\u91cc\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u5c31\u80fd\u4e0a\u7f51\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5bbd\u5e26\u666e\u53ca\u6210\u672c\u3002 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                2. \u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u8fb9\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u8fb9\u4e0a\u7f51\u201d<\/strong> \u4f20\u7edf56K\u62e8\u53f7\u4e0a\u7f51\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u7ebf\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u4f1a\u65ad\u7f51\u3002 <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                3. ADSL \u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u5206\u590d\u7528<\/strong>\u6280\u672f\uff1a
                                                                  0\uff5e4kHz \u2192 \u4f20\u7edf\u7535\u8bdd\u8bed\u97f3
                                                                  \u66f4\u9ad8\u9891\u7387\uff08\u51e0\u5341kHz\uff5e1MHz\u5de6\u53f3\uff09 \u2192 \u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u7f51 \u6240\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7f51\u548c\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u4e92\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                4. \u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u62e8\u53f7\u5feb\u51e0\u5341\u500d\u7684\u7f51\u901f<\/strong>\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u9769\u547d\u6027\u63d0\u5347\uff09 
                                                                  \u65e9\u671f\u5e38\u89c1\u901f\u7387\uff1a
                                                                  \u4e0b\u884c\uff08\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff09\uff1a512kbps\uff5e8Mbps\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u9ad8\u7248\u672c\u523024Mbps\uff09
                                                                  \u4e0a\u884c\uff08\u4e0a\u4f20\uff09\uff1a128kbps\uff5e1Mbps \u6bd456K\u62e8\u53f7\uff08\u6700\u9ad856kbps\uff09\u5feb\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                5. \u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7528\u9014<\/strong>
                                                                  \u5bb6\u5ead\u5bbd\u5e26\u4e0a\u7f51
                                                                  \u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\/\u7f51\u5427\u63a5\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51
                                                                  \u5728\u5149\u7ea4\u666e\u53ca\u4e4b\u524d\uff082000\u5e74\u4ee3\uff5e2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u7b49\u5730\u6700\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5bbd\u5e26\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  4×02 \u5149\u7ea4\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\uff08FTTH\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  \u5149\u7ea4\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83ADSL\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u660e\u4e86\uff1a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5149\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u8868\u793a\u2014\u2014\u4eae\u8868\u793a1\uff0c\u6697\u8868\u793a0\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5149\u7ea4\u5185\u7684\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u5c06\u5149\u7684\u4eae\u6697\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  4×03 \u5149\u7ea4\u5206\u7c7b\u2014\u2014\u5355\u6a21\u4e0e\u591a\u6a21<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  \u7275\u626f\u5230\u7684\u5927\u7269\u77e5\u8bc6\u7528\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\u6765\u6982\u62ec\u5c31\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                  \u591a\u6a21\u5149\u7ea4\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u591a\u6761\u53cd\u5c04\u89d2\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u540c\u65f6\u4f20\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53cd\u5c04\u89d2\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u53cd\u5c04\u6b21\u6570\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e5f\u5c31\u8d8a\u957f\uff1b
                                                                  \u76f8\u5bf9\u5730\uff0c\u53cd\u5c04\u89d2\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5149\u7ebf\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d8a\u77ed\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u8d8a\u957f\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5230\u8fbe\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8d8a\u957f\u3002
                                                                  \u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u6761\u5149\u7ebf\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5bbd\u5ea6\u88ab\u62c9\u4f38\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u771f\u3002
                                                                  \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5149\u7ea4\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u5931\u771f\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5f53\u5931\u771f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u5141\u8bb8\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\u3002

                                                                  —————————————————–\u5206\u9694\u7ebf——————————————————–

                                                                  \u5355\u6a21\u5149\u7ea4\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u5149\u7ea4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u5dee\u3002

                                                                  \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u591a\u6a21\u5149\u7ea4\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u5728\u4e00\u5ea7\u529e\u516c\u697c\u91cc\u9762\uff1b\u5355\u6a21\u5149\u7ea4\u7528\u5728\u8ddd\u79bb\u8f83\u8fdc\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/mark><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  4×04 \u62e8\u53f7\u4e0a\u7f51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  \u5728\u4e8c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u62e8\u53f7\u4e0a\u7f51\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  \n
                                                                  \n
                                                                    \n
                                                                  • \u7528\u6237\u5411\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u63a5\u5165\u70b9\u62e8\u6253\u7535\u8bdd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  • \u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  • \u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u901a\u8fc7RADIUS\u534f\u8bae\u4eceRAS\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668
                                                                    RAS\u662fRemote Access Server\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\uff08Raise A Suilen\uff09<\/s><\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  • \u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6821\u9a8c\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                  • \u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56deIP\u5730\u5740\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed9\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                    \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    graph TD\nA[\u7528\u6237\u62e8\u6253\u7535\u8bdd]\nB[\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u8d26\u6237\u5bc6\u7801]\nC[\u8d26\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1]\nD[\u8ba4\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6821\u9a8c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f]\nA-->B-->C-->D<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    4×05 PPPoE\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20\u8f93PPP\u6d88\u606f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    PPPoE\uff1aPoint-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet\uff0c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u534f\u8bae
                                                                    PPP\uff1aPoint-to-Point Protocol\uff0c\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u534f\u8bae \u4e0d\u662fppp\uff08Poppin\u2019party\uff09<\/s><\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \u62e8\u53f7\u4e0a\u7f51\u7684PPP\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4e8eFTTH\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7684PPPoE\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3PPPoE\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u4e86\u89e3PPP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \u4f20\u8f93PPP\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u601d\u8def\u548cIP\u5305\u5c01\u88c5\u5230\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5305\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u4f46PPP\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u4e2d\u7684\u62a5\u5934\u548cFCS\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06PPP\u6d88\u606f\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u4f20\u8f93\u5f88\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u8981\u4f20\u8f93PPP\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u62a5\u5934\u3001FCS\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u4fe1\u53f7\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u201c\u5bb9\u5668\u201d\u6765\u6536\u5bb9PPP\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0cHDLC\uff08High-level Data Link Control\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u8054\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u5c31\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u4e86\u3002HDLC\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u540c\u65f6HDLC\u53c8\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e13\u7ebf\u4e2d\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u5305\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5PPP+HDLC\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u53d8\u76f8\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u8f93\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53c8\u6765\u4e86\uff0cFTTH\u4e0d\u80fd\u517c\u5bb9HDLC\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0cPPPoE\u5c31\u8bde\u751f\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                    \u4ece\u6709\u70b9\u7275\u5f3a\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff1aPPP+HDLC+\u517c\u5bb9\u63d2\u4ef6=PPPoE<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ebPPPoA\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                    <\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    4×06 \u96a7\u9053\u4f20\u8f93\u7f51\u7edc\u5305<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    BAS\uff1aBroadband Access Server\uff0c\u5bbd\u5e26\u63a5\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \u96a7\u9053\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cdTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u96a7\u9053\u4e5f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u8fb9\u90fd\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6765\u5145\u5f53\u6536\u53d1\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddfTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u672c\u8d28\u5e76\u65e0\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u8bba\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u628a\u5305\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u4ece\u4e00\u8fb9\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u96a7\u9053\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u96a7\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    4×07 \u63a5\u5165\u7f51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    \n
                                                                    \n
                                                                      \n
                                                                    • \u5728\u7528\u6237\u63a5\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5148\u548cBAS\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c31\u4f1a\u7528\u5230PPPoE\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u6765\u67e5\u8be2BAS\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\u3002
                                                                      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    • \u4e4b\u540eBAS\u4e0b\u53d1\u7684TCP\/IP\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684BAS\u7aef\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u63a5\u5165\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002
                                                                      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    • BAS\u4f1a\u5728\u6536\u5230\u7528\u6237\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389MAC\u5934\u90e8\u548cPPPoE\u5934\u90e8
                                                                      <\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                                                    • BAS\u7528\u96a7\u9053\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                      graph TD\nA[\u7528\u6237\u548cBAS\u901a\u4fe1]\nB[BAS\u4e0b\u53d1\u914d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u6237]\nC[BAS\u53bb\u6389\u7528\u6237\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f]\nD[\u96a7\u9053\u673a\u5236\u53d1\u9001\u7f51\u7edc\u5305]\nA-->B-->C-->D<\/pre><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      4×08 \u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5185\u90e8\u2014\u2014POP\u548cNOC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      POP\uff1aPoint of Presense\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e00\u822c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u63a5\u5165\u70b9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                      \n
                                                                      \n


                                                                      \u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546POP\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u72ec\u8fd0\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u591a\u4e2a\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002FTTH\u3001ADSL\u7b49\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u662f\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7b7e\u7ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5907\u5c31\u88ab\u6210\u4e3aPOP\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u5165\u53e3\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      \n
                                                                      \u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u5165\u7f51\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd0\u8425\u5546 POP \u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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                                                                      \"\"<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      PPPoE\u4e2d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0b\u53d1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7531\u63a5\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5546\u7684BAS\u6765\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u53ea\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bf9\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u53d1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      NOC\uff1aNetwork Operation Center\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      NOC\u662f\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4ecePOP\u4f20\u6765\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u90fd\u4f1a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u88ab\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u79bb\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u66f4\u8fd1\u7684POP\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5907\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      4×09 IX<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      IX:Internet eXchange\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e00\u822c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4ea4\u6362\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      \u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u5728IX\u4e2d\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9ad8\u901f\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u4e8c\u5c42\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4f20\u8f93\u63a5\u6536\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u3002\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u548c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u6ca1\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002ARP\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684MAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5199\u5165MAC\u5730\u5740\u53d1\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      4×10 Cookie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      Cookie\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/summary>\n
                                                                      \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u7528\u6237\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u5757\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4f1a\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u643a\u5e26cookie\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      Cookie\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u4f5c\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                                                      Set-Cookie: session_id=abc123; \u2460\n            Path=\/;\u2461\n            Domain=example.com;\u2462\n            Max-Age=3600;\u2463\n            Secure;\u2464\n            HttpOnly;\u2465\n            SameSite=Lax\u2466<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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